KABUL, Sept 12 - Accusations of widespread fraud and electoral mismanagement marred the conduct of Afghanistan’s Presidential and Provincial Council elections in September 2009. In advance of the upcoming elections for Afghanistan's lower house of parliament, the Wolesi Jirga, what is the Independent Election Commission (IEC) doing to deter fraud in Afghanistan's first fully locally-led electoral process? Democracy International has identified a number of operational reforms undertaken by the IEC in its preparation for the upcoming vote, outlined in the video below.